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    {
      "project_id": "680-47-502",
      "title": "Harnessing quantum dynamics and structure of complex molecules and simple atoms",
      "funding_scheme_id": 667,
      "funding_scheme": "NWO-Talentprogramma Vici 2007 N",
      "department": "Exacte en Natuurwetenschappen",
      "sub_department": "Natuurkunde",
      "start_date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00",
      "end_date": "2015-04-23T00:00:00",
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      "summary_nl": "The invention of the frequency-comb laser (Nobel Prize of Physics 2005 to Hänsch and Hall) has revolutionized the way the structure and dynamics of matter over a wide range of complexity can be investigated. These lasers produce ultrafast pulses (typically in the near-infrared), with a full control over phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves. The pulses are produced at high repetition rate, so that the corresponding optical spectrum consists of an equidistant comb of highly accurately known frequencies. This offers the potential to obtain a sub-femtosecond resolution in the time domain and a spectral resolution of better than 10^-15 in the frequency domain.\n\nThe revolution this has caused does not stop at physics, nor is it limited to infrared or optical frequencies. Two fields are identified, seemingly opposite in complexity, where the potential impact of frequency-comb lasers is prominent. The first is structure and dynamics analysis of complex (bio-)molecules in the gas phase. To gain full control over the external and internal molecular degrees of freedom, and to localize and address individual molecules, it is proposed to sympathetically cool and trap them in laser-cooled ion-crystals. Combined with pulse-shaping (evolutionary optimization) and coherent multi-pulse excitation, it allows unique possibilities to study attosecond timescale electron dynamics in e.g. tryptophan, of one of the most important amino acids involved in biological electron-transfer processes.\n\nThe second line of research involves the electronic structure of the most simple atoms: hydrogen-like ions (He+, Li++ ...), also stored and cooled in an ion-trap. Compared to current measurements in hydrogen, it is expected that new tests of quantum-electrodynamics and nuclear size models can be performed in the search for physics beyond the `standard model'. The proposed excitation method is based on quantum-interference excitation with multiple extreme-ultraviolet and shorter wavelength pulses, obtained by harmonic up-conversion of amplified frequency-comb lasers.\n",
      "summary_en": "The invention of the frequency-comb laser (Nobel Prize of Physics 2005 to Hänsch and Hall) has revolutionized the way the structure and dynamics of matter over a wide range of complexity can be investigated. These lasers produce ultrafast pulses (typically in the near-infrared), with a full control over phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves. The pulses are produced at high repetition rate, so that the corresponding optical spectrum consists of an equidistant comb of highly accurately known frequencies. This offers the potential to obtain a sub-femtosecond resolution in the time domain and a spectral resolution of better than 10^-15 in the frequency domain.\n\nThe revolution this has caused does not stop at physics, nor is it limited to infrared or optical frequencies. Two fields are identified, seemingly opposite in complexity, where the potential impact of frequency-comb lasers is prominent. The first is structure and dynamics analysis of complex (bio-)molecules in the gas phase. To gain full control over the external and internal molecular degrees of freedom, and to localize and address individual molecules, it is proposed to sympathetically cool and trap them in laser-cooled ion-crystals. Combined with pulse-shaping (evolutionary optimization) and coherent multi-pulse excitation, it allows unique possibilities to study attosecond timescale electron dynamics in e.g. tryptophan, of one of the most important amino acids involved in biological electron-transfer processes.\n\nThe second line of research involves the electronic structure of the most simple atoms: hydrogen-like ions (He+, Li++ ...), also stored and cooled in an ion-trap. Compared to current measurements in hydrogen, it is expected that new tests of quantum-electrodynamics and nuclear size models can be performed in the search for physics beyond the `standard model'. The proposed excitation method is based on quantum-interference excitation with multiple extreme-ultraviolet and shorter wavelength pulses, obtained by harmonic up-conversion of amplified frequency-comb lasers.\n",
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          "last_name": "Barmes",
          "degree_post_nominal": "BSc",
          "initials": "I.",
          "first_name": "Itan",
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          "first_name": "Dominik",
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          "first_name": "Tjeerd Jan",
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          "first_name": "Kjeld",
          "organisation": "Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam||Faculteit der Bètawetenschappen (Faculty of Science)||Afdeling Natuur- en Sterrenkunde (Physics and Astronomy)||Sterrenkunde en Atoomfysica",
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          "title": "Effect of soil temperature on optical frequency transfer through unidirectional dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing fiber-optic links",
          "year": 2015,
          "edition": "54",
          "start": 728,
          "end": 738,
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          "journal_title": "Applied Optics",
          "authors": [
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            {
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            {
              "last_name": "Bosveld",
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            {
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              "initials": "W.",
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          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "Widely tunable extreme UV frequency comb generation",
          "year": 2011,
          "edition": "36",
          "start": 2026,
          "end": 2028,
          "type": "Wetenschappelijk artikel",
          "journal_title": "Optics Letters",
          "authors": [
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            {
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              "initials": "D.Z.",
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            {
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              "initials": "C.",
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            {
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              "initials": "I.",
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            {
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            {
              "last_name": "Eikema",
              "initials": "K.S.E.",
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              "index_number": 6
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          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "Frequency comb generation by CW laser injection into a quantum-dot mode-locked laser",
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          "edition": "20",
          "start": 21357,
          "end": 21371,
          "type": "Wetenschappelijk artikel",
          "url_open_access": "http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-19-21357",
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          "authors": [
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              "initials": "T.J.",
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            {
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              "initials": "E.J.",
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            {
              "last_name": "Tahvilli",
              "initials": "M.S.",
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            {
              "last_name": "Ubachs",
              "initials": "W.",
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            {
              "last_name": "Bente",
              "initials": "E.A.J.M.",
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            {
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              "initials": "K.S.E.",
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        {
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          "year": 2011,
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              "initials": "T.J.",
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        {
          "title": "Extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs: ultra-fast meets ultra-precise",
          "year": 2011,
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        {
          "title": "Frequency comb metrology in the extreme ultraviolet",
          "year": 2011,
          "type": "Overige Output"
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        {
          "title": "Ultra-fast meets ultra-precise",
          "year": 2011,
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    },
    {
      "project_id": "680-47-502",
      "title": "Visualization of charge transport through single molecules",
      "funding_scheme_id": 855,
      "funding_scheme": "NWO-Talentprogramma Vidi 2009 N",
      "department": "Exacte en Natuurwetenschappen",
      "sub_department": "Natuurkunde",
      "start_date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00",
      "end_date": "2016-03-31T00:00:00",
      "reporting_year": 2009,
      "summary_nl": "I propose to investigate the conductance properties of single molecules in a radically new way, by utilizing LEEM (low-energy electron microscopy) and PEEM (photo-electron emission microscopy). Up to now, molecular electronics has suffered from the problem that it is impossible to 'see' if a molecule is actually present. Using LEEM/PEEM, I shall change that situation. I will both visualize and fundamentally study electron transport through single molecules. If I succeed, I will open a powerful new research field, as this technique will enable accurate transport studies in a broad set of fascinating systems. Simultaneously, my work will imply the breakthrough of LEEM and PEEM, which are rooted in surface science, to a much broader physics community. \nMy approach is to exploit the sensitivity of LEEM and PEEM to the local sample potential, to visualize charge transport in two-dimensional systems under a voltage bias. To specifically study transport through molecules, I shall therefore 'spread out' a set of molecular junctions in a two-dimensional structure. PEEM will also be used in a complementary way, i.e. to determine the energy levels of molecules coupled to gold. By combining molecular transport data, energy level information and additional optical spectroscopy (UV-Vis, infrared and Raman) a comprehensive data set is constructed that is exceptional in the field of molecular transport. Taking advantage of this opportunity, I will systematically investigate the influence of molecular conjugation and metal-molecule coupling on charge transport through molecules. My fundamental studies therefore relate to the technologically relevant question if we can manipulate molecular conductance properties by the proximity of other molecules or by external stimuli such as light.",
      "summary_en": "I propose to investigate the conductance properties of single molecules in a radically new way, by utilizing LEEM (low-energy electron microscopy) and PEEM (photo-electron emission microscopy). Up to now, molecular electronics has suffered from the problem that it is impossible to 'see' if a molecule is actually present. Using LEEM/PEEM, I shall change that situation. I will both visualize and fundamentally study electron transport through single molecules. If I succeed, I will open a powerful new research field, as this technique will enable accurate transport studies in a broad set of fascinating systems. Simultaneously, my work will imply the breakthrough of LEEM and PEEM, which are rooted in surface science, to a much broader physics community. \nMy approach is to exploit the sensitivity of LEEM and PEEM to the local sample potential, to visualize charge transport in two-dimensional systems under a voltage bias. To specifically study transport through molecules, I shall therefore 'spread out' a set of molecular junctions in a two-dimensional structure. PEEM will also be used in a complementary way, i.e. to determine the energy levels of molecules coupled to gold. By combining molecular transport data, energy level information and additional optical spectroscopy (UV-Vis, infrared and Raman) a comprehensive data set is constructed that is exceptional in the field of molecular transport. Taking advantage of this opportunity, I will systematically investigate the influence of molecular conjugation and metal-molecule coupling on charge transport through molecules. My fundamental studies therefore relate to the technologically relevant question if we can manipulate molecular conductance properties by the proximity of other molecules or by external stimuli such as light.",
      "project_members": [
        {
          "role": "Researcher",
          "member_id": 275058,
          "last_name": "Thete",
          "degree_pre_nominal": "dr.",
          "initials": "A.",
          "first_name": "Aniket",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Leiden||Faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen",
          "organisation_id": 55707,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/027bh9e22",
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        },
        {
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          "last_name": "Kaliginedi",
          "degree_pre_nominal": "dr.",
          "initials": "B.",
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          "organisation": "Onbekend",
          "organisation_id": 5229,
          "ror": "-",
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        },
        {
          "role": "Researcher",
          "member_id": 248255,
          "last_name": "Guédon",
          "degree_pre_nominal": "drs.",
          "initials": "C.",
          "first_name": "Constant",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Leiden||Faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen||Biofysica B",
          "organisation_id": 73951,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/027bh9e22",
          "active": false
        },
        {
          "role": "Researcher",
          "member_id": 234283,
          "last_name": "Kautz",
          "degree_pre_nominal": "drs.",
          "initials": "J.",
          "first_name": "Jaap",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Leiden",
          "organisation_id": 38568,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/027bh9e22",
          "active": false
        },
        {
          "role": "Project leader",
          "member_id": 139084,
          "last_name": "Molen",
          "degree_pre_nominal": "prof. dr. ir.",
          "initials": "S.J.",
          "first_name": "Sense Jan",
          "prefix": "van der",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Leiden||Faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen||Leiden Probe Microscopy||Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory",
          "organisation_id": 74922,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/027bh9e22",
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        },
        {
          "role": "Researcher",
          "member_id": 139084,
          "last_name": "Molen",
          "degree_pre_nominal": "prof. dr. ir.",
          "initials": "S.J.",
          "first_name": "Sense Jan",
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          "organisation": "Universiteit Leiden||Faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen||Leiden Probe Microscopy||Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory",
          "organisation_id": 74922,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/027bh9e22",
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        },
        {
          "role": "Main Applicant",
          "member_id": 139084,
          "last_name": "Molen",
          "degree_pre_nominal": "prof. dr. ir.",
          "initials": "S.J.",
          "first_name": "Sense Jan",
          "prefix": "van der",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Leiden||Faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen||Leids Instituut voor Onderzoek in de Natuurkunde (LION)||Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium",
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        }
      ],
      "products": [
        {
          "title": "Charge transport through molecular switches\nnone",
          "sub_title": "none",
          "year": 2010,
          "edition": "22",
          "start": 133001,
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          "journal_title": "Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter",
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              "last_name": "Liljeroth",
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        },
        {
          "title": "Oppervlakken filmen met trage elektronen",
          "year": 2010,
          "start": 332,
          "end": 336,
          "type": "Wetenschappelijk artikel",
          "journal_title": "Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde",
          "authors": [
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        {
          "title": "Low energy electron microscopy imaging using Medipix2 detectors.",
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          "journal_title": "Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res",
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        {
          "title": "The mechanical response of lithographically defined break junctions",
          "year": 2011,
          "edition": "109",
          "start": 104305,
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          "journal_title": "Journal of Applied Physics ",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
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        {
          "title": "Conductance Properties of Switchable Molecules",
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          "start": 719,
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          "journal_title": "Molecular Switches, ",
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            {
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        {
          "title": "Low Energy Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy with ESCHER: Status and Prospects",
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          "journal_title": "IBM Journal of Research and Development ",
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            {
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            {
              "last_name": "Kautz",
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            {
              "last_name": "Berghaus",
              "initials": "A. ",
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            {
              "last_name": "Schaff",
              "initials": "O.",
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              "initials": "R.M.",
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        {
          "title": "Charge transport in functional networks of gold nanoparticles and organic molecules",
          "year": 2012,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
              "prefix": "van der",
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              "index_number": 1
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "Charge transport in functional networks of gold nanoparticles and organic molecules",
          "year": 2012,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
              "prefix": "van der",
              "role": "Maker",
              "index_number": 1
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "Conductance switching and Quantum interference in Molecular junctions",
          "year": 2011,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
              "prefix": "van der",
              "role": "Maker",
              "index_number": 1
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "Conductance switching and Quantum interference in Molecular junctions",
          "year": 2012,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
              "prefix": "van der",
              "role": "Maker",
              "index_number": 1
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "Conductance switching of molecular devices: an experimentalist?s account",
          "year": 2010,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
              "prefix": "van der",
              "role": "Maker",
              "index_number": 1
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "ESCHER: Electronic, Structural, Chemical and Biological Nanoimaging in Real Time",
          "year": 2010,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
              "prefix": "van der",
              "role": "Maker",
              "index_number": 1
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          ]
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        {
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          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
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          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "From molecular switching to molecular logic?",
          "year": 2011,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
              "prefix": "van der",
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          ]
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          "title": "How to interpret I(V)-curves of molecular junctions",
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          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
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          "title": "Kwantummechanica in moleculen",
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          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
              "prefix": "van der",
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              "index_number": 1
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          "title": "Low-Energy Electron Microscopy for graphene growth",
          "year": 2010,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
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          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "Molecular electronics: Getting the most out of molecular functionality?",
          "year": 2012,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
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        {
          "title": "Quantum interference in Molecular junctions",
          "year": 2011,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
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          ]
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        {
          "title": "Quantum interference in Molecular junctions",
          "year": 2012,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
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              "role": "Maker",
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          ]
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        {
          "title": "Quantum interference in Molecular junctions",
          "year": 2012,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
              "prefix": "van der",
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          ]
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        {
          "title": "Quantum transport at the molecular scale",
          "year": 2013,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
              "initials": "S.J. ",
              "first_name": "Sense Jan",
              "prefix": "van der",
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          ]
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        {
          "title": "Structure and control of interfaces",
          "year": 2013,
          "type": "Overige Output",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Molen",
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