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    "documentation": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14918287",
    "release_date": "2025-08-20T00:00:00",
    "funder": "https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003246",
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    {
      "project_id": "680-47-312",
      "title": "Low-dimensional quantum matter: secrets between two and three dimensions",
      "funding_scheme_id": 667,
      "funding_scheme": "NWO-Talentprogramma Vici 2007 N",
      "department": "Exacte en Natuurwetenschappen",
      "sub_department": "Natuurkunde",
      "start_date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00",
      "end_date": "2014-12-11T00:00:00",
      "reporting_year": 2007,
      "summary_nl": "Low-dimensional (D<3) materials are the paradigm for the observation of novel quantum states of matter. An intriguing aspect of low-dimensional systems is that on coupling together a finite number of them, novel and unexpected properties emerge. An example is the recent observation of a Bose-Einstein condensate of magnetic excitons (electron-hole bound state) in bilayer two-dimensional (2D) electron gases.  \nThe aim of this project is to study a variety of novel broken-symmetry quantum states of matter occurring in systems which lie between two and three dimensions. Topical candidates are high-temperature superconductors, two-dimensional electron gases, and especially graphene.  \nOur strategy in performing these studies is two-fold: firstly, we will develop new theoretical tools, enabling us to make predictions about measurable properties of these materials; secondly, we will investigate the ultracold atoms counterparts of solid-state systems (theoretically and in collaboration with experimental groups) to simulate their behavior with full control of the parameters involved.  \nThe first part of the project concerns the further development of a novel 2D bosonization formalism. This powerful non-perturbative technique will allow us to investigate novel quantum phases, which are not accessible otherwise. These studies involve single- and bilayer-graphene, as well as the 2D electron gas in semiconductors. \nThe second part of the project deals with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. We have recently proposed a new experimental set-up, which allows for the realization of a staggered magnetic field in an optical lattice loaded with bosons. Preliminary studies of the problem have led to a new type of Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, which is already extremely interesting per se and opens a completely new path into the field. In addition, this system will allow us to study the ultracold atoms analogue of the staggered flux-phase, which was suggested to underlie the ?hidden order? in high-Tc superconductors. The understanding of the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity remains the ultimate challenge in quantum condensed-matter physics and the study of other coupled 2D strongly-correlated electron systems could eventually shed some light on this fascinating open problem.\n",
      "summary_en": "Low-dimensional (D<3) materials are the paradigm for the observation of novel quantum states of matter. An intriguing aspect of low-dimensional systems is that on coupling together a finite number of them, novel and unexpected properties emerge. An example is the recent observation of a Bose-Einstein condensate of magnetic excitons (electron-hole bound state) in bilayer two-dimensional (2D) electron gases.  \nThe aim of this project is to study a variety of novel broken-symmetry quantum states of matter occurring in systems which lie between two and three dimensions. Topical candidates are high-temperature superconductors, two-dimensional electron gases, and especially graphene.  \nOur strategy in performing these studies is two-fold: firstly, we will develop new theoretical tools, enabling us to make predictions about measurable properties of these materials; secondly, we will investigate the ultracold atoms counterparts of solid-state systems (theoretically and in collaboration with experimental groups) to simulate their behavior with full control of the parameters involved.  \nThe first part of the project concerns the further development of a novel 2D bosonization formalism. This powerful non-perturbative technique will allow us to investigate novel quantum phases, which are not accessible otherwise. These studies involve single- and bilayer-graphene, as well as the 2D electron gas in semiconductors. \nThe second part of the project deals with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. We have recently proposed a new experimental set-up, which allows for the realization of a staggered magnetic field in an optical lattice loaded with bosons. Preliminary studies of the problem have led to a new type of Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, which is already extremely interesting per se and opens a completely new path into the field. In addition, this system will allow us to study the ultracold atoms analogue of the staggered flux-phase, which was suggested to underlie the ?hidden order? in high-Tc superconductors. The understanding of the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity remains the ultimate challenge in quantum condensed-matter physics and the study of other coupled 2D strongly-correlated electron systems could eventually shed some light on this fascinating open problem.\n",
      "project_members": [
        {
          "role": "Researcher",
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          "last_name": "Lim",
          "degree_pre_nominal": "dr.",
          "degree_post_nominal": "MSc",
          "initials": "L-K.",
          "first_name": "Lih-King",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Utrecht||Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica",
          "organisation_id": 48987,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/04pp8hn57",
          "active": false
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          "member_id": 249676,
          "last_name": "Liberto",
          "degree_post_nominal": "MSc",
          "initials": "M.F.D.",
          "first_name": "Marco",
          "prefix": "di",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Utrecht||Faculteit Bètawetenschappen||Departement Natuurkunde||Theoretische Fysica",
          "organisation_id": 81091,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/04pp8hn57",
          "active": false
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        {
          "role": "Researcher",
          "member_id": 215786,
          "last_name": "Tieleman",
          "degree_post_nominal": "MSc",
          "initials": "O.",
          "first_name": "Olivier",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Utrecht||Faculteit Bètawetenschappen||Departement Natuurkunde||Theoretische Fysica",
          "organisation_id": 81091,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/04pp8hn57",
          "active": false
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        {
          "role": "Researcher",
          "member_id": 215782,
          "last_name": "Gelderen",
          "degree_post_nominal": "MSc",
          "initials": "R.",
          "first_name": "Ralph",
          "prefix": "van",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Utrecht||Faculteit Bètawetenschappen||Departement Natuurkunde||Theoretische Fysica",
          "organisation_id": 81091,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/04pp8hn57",
          "active": false
        },
        {
          "role": "Researcher",
          "member_id": 207917,
          "last_name": "Beugeling",
          "degree_post_nominal": "MSc",
          "initials": "W.",
          "first_name": "Wouter",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Utrecht||Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica",
          "organisation_id": 48987,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/04pp8hn57",
          "active": false
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        {
          "role": "Researcher",
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          "last_name": "Lazarides",
          "degree_pre_nominal": "dr.",
          "initials": "A.",
          "first_name": "Achilles",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Utrecht||Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica",
          "organisation_id": 48987,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/04pp8hn57",
          "active": false
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        {
          "role": "Project leader",
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          "last_name": "Morais Smith",
          "degree_pre_nominal": "prof. dr.",
          "initials": "C.",
          "first_name": "Cristiane",
          "prefix": "de",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Utrecht||Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica",
          "organisation_id": 48987,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/04pp8hn57",
          "active": false
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        {
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          "last_name": "Morais Smith",
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          "initials": "C.",
          "first_name": "Cristiane",
          "prefix": "de",
          "organisation": "Universiteit Utrecht||Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica",
          "organisation_id": 48987,
          "ror": "https://ror.org/04pp8hn57",
          "active": false
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        {
          "role": "Main Applicant",
          "member_id": 155247,
          "last_name": "Morais Smith",
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          "initials": "C.",
          "first_name": "Cristiane",
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          "organisation": "Universiteit Utrecht||Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica",
          "organisation_id": 48987,
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          "title": "High-Chern-number bands and tunable Dirac cones in &#946;-graphyne",
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          "title": "Ferromagnetism in ABC-stacked trilayer graphene",
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          "title": "Nontrivial topological states on a Moebius band",
          "year": 2014,
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          ]
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          "title": "Topological phase transitions between chiral and helical spin textures in a lattice with spin-orbit coupling and a magnetic field",
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          "title": "Spin-density-wave instability in graphene doped near the van Hove singularity",
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          "title": "Quantum simulation of correlated-hopping models with fermions in optical lattices",
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          "title": "Ultracold fermions in a one-dimensional bipartite optical lattice: Metal-insulator transitions driven by shaking",
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          "title": "Reentrant topological phases in Mn-doped HgTe quantum wells",
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        {
          "title": "Supercondutividade de alta temperatura critica",
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          "title": "Monte Carlo studies of extensions of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model",
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          "journal_title": "Phys. Rev. B ",
          "authors": [
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              "last_name": "Loois, G. Barkema, and C. Morais Smith",
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        {
          "title": "Hoe mak je een supergeleider",
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            {
              "last_name": "Morais Smith",
              "initials": "C.",
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              "index_number": 99
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "It's only Natural",
          "year": 2010,
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            {
              "last_name": "Morais Smith",
              "initials": "C.",
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          ]
        },
        {
          "title": "Novel superconducting phases with cold atoms in optical lattices under staggered rotation",
          "year": 2009,
          "type": "Overige Output",
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            {
              "last_name": "Morais Smith",
              "initials": "C.",
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          "title": "Effects of disorder and interactions in the quantum Hall ferromagnet",
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          "journal_title": "Phys. Rev. B ",
          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Makogon, A. Alamir, and C. Morais Smith",
              "initials": "D. ",
              "role": "Auteur",
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          ]
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        {
          "title": "Artificial staggered magnetic field for ultracold atoms in optical lattices",
          "year": 2010,
          "edition": "81",
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          "authors": [
            {
              "last_name": "Lim, A. Hemmerich, and C. Morais Smith",
              "initials": "Lih-King",
              "role": "Auteur",
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        {
          "title": "Competing pairing states for ultracold fermions in optical lattices with an artificial staggered magnetic field",
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              "last_name": "Lim, A. Lazarides, A. Hemmerich, C. Morais Smith",
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